{"title":"Papers of the 12th world sanskrit conference","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"vedic-investigations","title":"Vedic Investigations","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis volume contains 19 out of the 30 papers presented at the 12th World Sanskrit Conference, some of them revised and updated. They discuss a wide range of topics, including: * the Atharvaveda in Varanasi * authorities cited in Pratisakhyas and Siksas * Rgvedic religion: Kingship and the Deva-Asura problem * interiorization of ritual and the breaths in the Brahmana system of correspondencies * words signifying 'body' in the Rgveda * the Rgvedic hymn 1.143 * documenting manuscripts of Samavedic texts * a late catalogue of Rgvedic Khilas and Upakkilas * j.F. Staal's 'meaninglessness of ritual' and the nihnavana rite * the vaidika tradition of the Vaikhanasas * gender identity in Rgvedic hymns by female authors * traditional philology and new paradigms for studying of the past * making sense of 'senseless' Brahmana etymologies * the initiation to study (upanayana and punarupanayana) * audio recordings of the four Vedas * the wife (patni) in the Andhra tradition of Soma sacrifices * a forthcoming new edition of the Baudhayanagrhyasutra * the meaning of the priestly reward (daksina) in srauta sacrifices * ephemera of recently performed srauta rituals The Closing Address of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference is published as an appendix to the volume, which is provided with detailed indexes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThat the papers of a conference session appear thirteen years after the event may be something like a world record, but a record for which we are not particularly proud. We sincerely apologize to the authors for having withheld their contributions from becoming accessible to colleagues at large for such a long time. Usually, conference proceedings so much delayed do not appear at all, so the final appearance of this volume may give some consolation to everybody involved. But the shame for this delay is ours, the editors of this volume.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAsk Parole volunteered to organize the 12th World Sanskrit Conference in Helsinki in July 2003 in order to boost the profile of Ideology at Helsinki University, where the future of the chair of Ideological and South Asian Studies was going to be deliberated after his impending retirement in 2004. Besides a university lectureship in Indian languages (occupied by Dr Bertil Tikkanen until 2015, and from 2015 onwards by Dr Mikko Viitamaki), this professorship was the only position for teaching and research in this field at Helsinki University and in Finland at large. We trust that the 12th WSC substantially helped in inducing the Faculty of Arts to establish a five-year professorship in South Asian Studies; it was internationally advertised, and filled in 2006, Dr Klaus Karttunen occupying the position until 2012. Thereafter a tenure-track chair was established, and Dr Xenia Zeiler was chosen for the associate professorship in South Asian Studies in 2014.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe programme of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference with the names and affiliations of the participants and the titles and abstracts of their papers were published in booklets delivered to the participants during the conference. In this first volume of the Proceedings, we complement those booklets by publishing, as an appendix, the Closing Address delivered by Ask Parole on Friday the 18th of July 2003. As that address makes plain, the two of us collaborated very closely in organizing the 12th WSC. Essentially, AP's task consisted in getting the funding and receptions for the conference, while planning it was done together and PK was chiefly in charge of the practical arrangements. We believe that, with the help of a number of student volunteers, and blessed with good weather, we were fairly successful in our task as far as holding the conference is concerned.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eWe had collaborated in a similar fashion already in organizing the 12th international conference 'South Asian Archaeology 1993', held at Helsinki University in July 1993 and in publishing its 887-paged proceedings in record time in 1994. We both further collaborated with Dr Christian Carpelan in arranging the much smaller international symposium on 'Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and archaeological considerations' at the Tvarminne Marine Research Station of Helsinki University in 1999, and in publishing its proceedings in 2001.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe plan to publish the proceedings of the entire 12th World Sanskrit Conference was the most ambitious one. Only a few organisers of the WSC have also published papers presented in them, and even then not comprehensively. We could get funds for a publication agreement with Motilal Banarsidass, securing that the volumes would be published on good paper at a reasonable price, that every author would get a free copy of the volume where his or her paper was published, and that the editors of the volumes would, in addition, each get a copy of all the volumes. But we got only a very small allowance for language checking and editing, and these funds were soon exhausted. Our plan was to ask a prominent Sanskrit scholar of the respective field who was a native speaker of English to act as one of the editors of each volume and on a voluntary basis to revise the contributions of colleagues whose native language was not English. On the whole, this plan worked very well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eProfessor Stanley Insler, who participated in the 12th World Sanskrit Conference without presenting a paper, is a leading authority in Vedic studies. He most kindly promised to act as an editor of this volume and also read a couple of the papers that we edited soon after the conference. Professor Masato Fujii, with whom Asko Parpola arranged the thematic panel `Fieldwork on Vedic manuscripts, recitation and ritual traditions' in the Vedic session, was also to be one of the editors of this volume. Thus Asko Parpola, Masato Fujii and Stanley Insler were initially planned to be the editors of this volume, and this information has been repeated over the years in the advertisements of the publication series. Thus the names of Fujii and Insler have unintentionally become associated with the shameful delay of this volume. We sincerely apologize to these two eminent scholars and hope we shall succeed in clearing their names with this apology and clarification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAs already stated, the blame is all ours, as the two of us alone have been responsible for the editing of these papers and the delay of their publication. The main reason for this postponement is that Petteri Koskikallio, who has been responsible for the technical formatting of the contributions, has over the years always had his hands full, first, of earning his bread, and then, of editing other volumes of the 12th WSC on a voluntary basis without monetary compensation. Asko Parpola has been responsible, also on a voluntary basis, both for revising the language of the non-native speakers of English (though he himself belongs to the same category) and for checking the contributions also otherwise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: red; font-size: x-large;\" color=\"red\" size=\"5\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"Asko Parpola","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41556636532874,"sku":"","price":900.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/products\/71vv2O6h2XL.jpg?v=1658908656"},{"product_id":"from-vasubandhu-to-caitanya-studies-in-indian-philosophy-and-its-textual-history","title":"From Vasubandhu to Caitanya","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe chapter in this volume is a selection of papers presented in the general Philosophy Section at the 12th World Sanskrit Conference in Helsinki, Finland. The first part of the book, Studies in Indian Philosophy, contains nine studies on individual topics and concepts in Indian philosophy from various perspectives: historical-philological, philosophical and comparative. They are inter alia concerned with such fundamental issues as the characteristic signs of the Self, the concept of vijnaptimatrata in Vasubandhu's Yogacara, the notion of unchanging cognition in the writings of the Kashmirian author Ramakantha, the definition of existence according to the late Buddhist philosopher Jnanasrimitra, and the significance of the sadhana catustaya in Vedanta. In the second part of the book, two papers contribute to the study of the textual history of Indian philosophy, with a focus on the Patanjalayogasastra and Candrananda's commentary on the Vaisesikasutra. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Author(s)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan face=\"Arial\" style=\"font-family: Arial;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJOHANNES BRONKHORST\u003c\/strong\u003e is a Professor of Indian Studies at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. He has authored several books and articles on traditional Sanskrit linguistics, Indian thought, the history of asceticism and meditation in Indian religions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eKARIN PREISENDANZ\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a Professor of Indology at the University of Vienna, Austria. Her main research interests are in the areas of Nyaya, Vaisesika and Sankhya, as well as in classical Ayurveda under its philosophical, religious and cultural aspects. She is co-editor of the Publications of the De Nobili Research Library, Vienna, and of the Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde Sudasiens\/Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETIERI KOSKIKALLIO and ASKO PARPOLA,\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSecretary General and President, respectively, of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference, are Finnish Indologists. Asko Parpola is a Professor Emeritus of South Asian and Indo-European Studies at the University of Helsinki.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe General Session of the Philosophy Section at the 12th World Sanskrit Conference, Helsinki, comprised altogether twenty-two papers in practically all areas of Indian philosophy. All six traditional darsanas were covered: Nyaya and Vaisesika, Samkhya and Yoga, as well as\u003cspan\u003e Mimamsa \u003c\/span\u003eand Vedanta with their sub-traditions. Furthermore, there were contributions to the philosophy of the Saiva Siddhanta tradition, on Carvaka and Buddhist philosophy, and on the grammatical philosophy of Bhartrhari. The individual papers addressed a wide variety of subjects from different perspectives and with different methodologies. They treated inter alia the lively and controversial interaction between philosophical traditions, their overlap with religious traditions, the influence of grammar on philosophy, and the dynamics of changes of meaning within individual traditions. Some papers focused on philological–historical aspects and aspects of the textual transmission of philosophical works. The present volume contains a selection of eleven representative papers by authors from India, Japan, Hungary, Switzerland, Germany, Great Britain and the U.S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe editors would like to acknowledge their gratefulness to their editorial assistants, Ms. Judith Starecek (Vienna), who worked on the papers by Bogdan Diaconescu, Ravi Gupta, Shashiprabha Kumar, Taiken Kyuma, Karen Lang, Philipp A. Maas, Sujata Purkayastha and Ferenc Ruzsa, and Mr Bogdan Diaconescu (Lausanne), who assisted in the editing of the papers by Kyo Kano, Rajam Raghunathan and Alex Watson. Ms Alexandra Bockle (Vienna) was so kind to perform the important task of going through the completed volume with a view to the harmonization of style. She also read the final proofs and prepared the list of index terms. Mr Keith Allen (Oxford) did the first round of English editing for all papers written by non-native speakers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe editors also wish to thank the hosts and organizers of the conference for their warm hospitality and efficiency, and the Finnish Cultural Foundation for its generous support of the publication of this volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe publication of this volume has unfortunately been delayed by a number of factors beyond our control. Nevertheless, we do hope that scholars will derive pleasure and benefit from reading it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONTENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003ePreface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003ev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContributors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eix\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudies in Indian Philosophy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKYO KANO\u003cbr\u003eOn the Lingas of Atman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSUJATA PURKAYASTHA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVijnaptimatrata in Yogacara Buddhism:\u003cbr\u003eA Study in the Concept of the Absolute\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e29\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRAJAM RAGHUNATHAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA Critical Look at Stcherbatsky’s Translation of\u003cbr\u003eDharmakirti’s Nyayabindu\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKAREN C. LANG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCandrakirti’s Critique of the Samkhya Concepts of\u003cbr\u003ePurusa and Prakrti\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e53\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSHASHIPRABHA KUMAR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Significance of Sadhanacatustaya in Vedanta\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eALEX WATSON\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRamakantha’s Concept of Unchanging Cognition\u003cbr\u003e(nityajnana): Influence from Buddhism, Samkhya and Vedanta\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e79\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTAIKEN KYUMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJnanasrimitra on the Definition of Existence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e121\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBOGDAN DIACONESCU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCognizing through Paraphrase: The Principal Qualificand\u003cbr\u003e(mukhyavisesya) in Mimamsa, Nyaya and Vyakarana\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e137\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRAVI M. GUPTA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBhaktiand Vedanta: Do They Mix?\u003cbr\u003eThe Case of Caitanya Vaisnavism\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e143\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eII\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudies in the Textual History of Indian Philosophy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e135\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHILIPP A. MAAS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOn the Written Transmission of the Patanjalayogasastra\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e157\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFERENC RUZSA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTwo MSS of Candrananda’s Vrtti on the Vaisesikasutra and the Errors of the Copyists\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e173\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e185\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Johannes Bronkhorst, Karin Preisendanz","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41556757872778,"sku":"","price":700.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/products\/FROMVASUBANDHUTOCAITANYA.jpg?v=1660387453"},{"product_id":"history-of-indological-studies-papers-of-the-12th-world-sanskrit-conference-vol-11-2","title":"History of Indological Studies Vol. 11.2","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"product-single__description rte\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardbound Edition (274 Pgs.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe history of Western knowledge of Indian began about 2500 years ago, but the history of Indology was only about 230 years ago. It happened in Kolkata, as a fusion of colonial and scholarly interests, but also not uninfluenced by the scholarly traditions of India. In the next 75 years, Indological chairs were founded in important universities in most European countries. The present volume contains a general introduction to the history of South Asian studies, a bibliography and six case studies of different aspects, including early Indological studies in India, Indological traditions in Sweden and Denmark, Sanskrit studies in Russian cultural history, Ukrainian translations from Sanskrit and the Sanskrit correspondence between the French Indologist Sylvain Levi and the Nepalese scholar Hemaraja Sarma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe papers included in this volume only discuss the same rather narrow parts of Indology. Prof. Enrica Garzilli continues her studies of the contacts of some Western Indologists with Nepalese scholars. Klaus Karttunen has papers on two quite different topics. The first is about the role of Indian pandits and scholars in the early history of Indology, while the second traces the development of Indian studies in Sweden. Prof. Sergei Serebriany presents an interesting attempt of combining Indology in Russian with some trends in Russian cultural history. Dr Yuriy ZavhorodniyÍs contribution to the Ukrainian translations of Indian classics contains much little-known information. The article of Prof. Kenneth Zysk was mentioned above and the book concludes with a bibliography of the history of Indology by the editor himself.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Author(s)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eKlaus Karttunen has been the Professor of South Asian and Indo-European Studies at the University of Helsinki. He has published many studies about the relations between ancient Indian and the Graeco-Roman West, the history of South Asian studies and the ideas of nature in Indian literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Klaus Karttunen","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41644534530186,"sku":"","price":900.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/products\/HISTORYOFINDOLOGICALSTUDIES.jpg?v=1660735596"},{"product_id":"themes-and-tasks-in-old-and-middle-indo-aryan-linguistics","title":"Themes and Tasks in Old and Middle Indo-Aryan Linguistics","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardbound Edition (335 Pgs.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout The Book:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe present volume contains twelve of the sixteen papers presented at the Linguistics Section of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference (Helsinki, Finland, 13-18 July 2003). The papers span a wide range of topics and time depth, extending from Common Indo-Iranian all the way to Modern Indo-Aryan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Author(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBertil Tikkanen is a lecturer in Indian Languages and docent of South Asian Linguistics at the Institute for Asian and African Studies of the University of Helsinki.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bertil Tikkanen","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41668716363914,"sku":"","price":600.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/products\/THEMESANDTASKSINOLDANDMIDDLEINDOARYANLINGUISTICS.jpg?v=1661242332"},{"product_id":"mathematics-and-medicine-in-sanskrit","title":"Mathematics and Medicine in Sanskrit","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe chapters in this volume were originally presented in the panels on Scientific Literature at the 12th World Sanskrit Conference in Helsinki, Finland. They represent some of the most up-to-date scholarship on the history of early science in India being done today. The first part of the book focusses on the history of mathematical commentaries and the role of illustration in sanskrit mathematical manuscripts. The second part of the book investigates fundamental ayurvedic theories, ayurvedic rites for childbirth, the cultural history of medicine in the early modern period, the anthropology of spirit of one of the oldest surviving ayurvedic texts. This book will be of interest to historians of science, students of classical Indian history and culture and anyone wanting to know where the cutting edge of the history of early Indian science is today.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Dominik Wujastyk","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42939912028298,"sku":"","price":795.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/files\/MathematicsandMedicineinSanskrit.jpg?v=1684590356"},{"product_id":"indian-grammars-philology-and-history","title":"Indian Grammars","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eVyãkarana holds an uncontested place of honour in Indology, and Panini’s grammar in particular is a basic source in argumentation not only among Paniniyas but also for students of Indian literature and dstras regardless of their particular areas of concentration. In this volume are published thirteen contributions presented in the Vyakarana section of the twelfth World Sanskrit Conference. The papers represent a considerable breadth of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eMost of the studies concern technical aspects of Paninian grammar. Several papers deal with facets of Panini’s metalinguistic usage and four studies with points concerning derivational procedures and particular sutras related to them. Two papers concentrate on questions of syntax and two other scholars treat subjects of primarily historical interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGEORGE CARDONA is Professor (emeritus) of Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of several works on San Sanskrit grammar ( vyakarana) , principally in the Paninian tradition, on the history of Indo-Aryan languages, and Gujarati.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eMADHAV DESHPANDE, trained at the University of Pune and the University of Pennsylvania, is Professor of Sanskrit and Linguistics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. His research interests include Paninian linguistics, sociolinguistics of Sanskrit and Prakrit, and history of Indian philosophy and religions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePETTERI KOSKIKALLIO and ASKO PARPOLA, Secretary General and President, respectively, of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference, are Finnish Indologists. Asko Parpola is Professor Emeritus of South Asian and Indo-European Studies at the University of Helsinki.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eVyäkarana holds an uncontested place of honor in Indology, and Panini’s grammar in particular is a basic source in argumentation not only among Paninlyas hut also For students of Indian literature and sãstras regardless of their particular areas of concentration, In this volume are published thirteen contributions presented in the Vyakarana section of the twelfth World Sanskrit Conference held in Helsinki, Finland, July 14th through 18th, 2003. The papers represent a considerable breadth of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAs is to be expected, most of the studies concern technical aspects of Paninian grammar. Several papers deal with facets of Pã9ini’s metalinguistic usage. Peter M. Scharf takes up relations between the metalinguistic use of case forms in the Astadhvdyi and the use of such forms in the natural language described, and considers also the use of comparable forms in Yäska’s Nirukta. Maria Piera Candotti and Tiziana Pontillo discuss Panini’s use of sounds as markers (it, anubandha), considering arguments by Katyayana, Patanjali and others concerning whether or not such markers are to be treated as integral parts of items prior to their being stripped from these items by the sutra which provides for the unconditioned deletion of sounds given the class name it. Ram Karan Sharma deals with the treatment of certain rules as suspended (asiddha) with respect to others, in particular with those that are said to he asiddha and asiiddhavat. Reverting to relations between technical usage and conventions of everyday usage, we have two papers, by Sharon Ben-Dor and Shankarji Jha, that deal with metarules (,paribhasas) and their counterparts in social conventions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eFour studies deal with points concerning derivational procedures and particular sutras related to them. Boris Zakharyin considers aspects of Panini’ s phonological rules, with emphasis on sets of sounds as seen in the aksarasamamnya the Pratyaharasutras or Sivasutras and related rules, bringing in also procedures seen in piatisakhyas. Madhav M. Deshpande deals with the question whether certain nominals are to be treated as derived (ayutpanna) through grammatical procedures or not (avyutpanna), not only relating this issue to the dichotomy between grammarians and etymologists but also remarking that, in the context of Panini’s grammar, the categories in question are intimately connected with grammatical procedures. S. L. P. Anjaneya Sarma presents a detailed study of one particular sutra, which provides for the use of atmanepada affixes after causatives. Toru Yagi considers Panini’s rule introducing the suffix MC, which serves to form causative verbs, with particular emphasis on Katyayana’s and Patañjali’s discussions, the usages which they invoke, and parallels from Pali.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eTwo other papers deal in particular with questions of syntax. Vladimir P. Ivanov discusses anew the various definitions of an utterance (vdkya) that Bhartrhari gives at the beginning of the second kanda of his Vakyapadiva. C. Rajendran takes us farther afield in a study which, beginning with the observation that syntactical issues are not a major concern of Panini and Päniniyas. so that one must turn to Mimãmsakas and Alankarikas to find insightful discussions of such questions, deals in particular with some syntactical issues as treated by Mahimahhatta in his Vyaktiviveka.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eFinally, two scholars have treated subjects of primarily historical interest. George Cardona gives evidence to identify the scholar to whom Nageabhatta refers by the name Krsna’ in his Uddyota. Amrit Gomperts discusses five works in an old-Javanese tradition of grammar, among them texts related to the Sarasvata system, and concludes that two javano-Sanskrit texts reflect a synthesis of Paninian and Katantra elements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe publication of these proceedings would not have been possible without the financial support of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, to which we express our gratitude. We are also happy to acknowledge with thanks the editorial work of Petteri Koskikallio and the careful proofreading of Sharon Ben-Dor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003ePreface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003eV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContributors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePanini and Daily Life Activities\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInterpreting Forms with Markers: The Morphological Approach\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOne Some Sources in Nagea’s Mahabhasyapradipoddyota\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e83\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUnderived Nominals’ as a Derivationally Productive Category in Panini\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e101\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOld Javanese Traditions of Sanskrit Grammar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e111\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe List of Sentence Definitions in the Second kanda of the Vakyapadva: Structural Approach\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e147\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGrammatical Principles (paribhasas) Based on Conventions or Social Practices (lokanyayasiddha paribhasa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e155\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePreserving the Predicate: Syntactical Perspectives in Mahimabhatta\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e169\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Natural-language Foundation of Metalinguistic Case-use in the Asradlna’t and Nirukta\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e181\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAsiddha and asiddhavat\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e215\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOn vi. 9 on Panini 3.1.26\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e225\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Factorization of Phonic Information Into Interacting Levels of Representation: The samanaksarani as Treated by Panini and his Predecessors and Successors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e247\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndices\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e261\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e","brand":"George Cardona, Madhav M. Deshpande","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44047279456394,"sku":"","price":750.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/files\/IndianGrammars.jpg?v=1701663645"},{"product_id":"epic-undertakings-papers-of-the-12th-world-sanskrit-conference-vol-2","title":"Epic Undertakings (Vol. 2)","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eRecent years have witnessed continued and growing interest in the massive and fascinating poems we know as the\u003cspan\u003e Sanskrit \u003c\/span\u003eepics. This interest has manifested itself in the continuing translations of both texts, a steady stream of publications and numerous scholarly meetings of Sanskrit epic scholars. A number of these scholars assembled in Helsinki to constitute the Epic section of the 12th World Sanskrit conference in the summer of 2003. The present volume places before the Indological community the sixteen learned papers presented at the conference by the distinguished group of scholars who were in attendance. The topics and methodologies of the authors are as varied and diverse as the contents of the monumental poems themselves but each contribution sheds new light on some aspect of the genetic and\/or receptive history of these works, their relationship to each other and to other Indic texts, or the representation and analysis of specific characters and episodes in the poems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eRobert P. Goldman\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eis Professor of Sanskrit and India studies at the University of California at Berkeley. In addition to his authorship of a monograph and numerous scholarly articles on both Sanskrit epics, he is the general editor and a principal translator of the ongoing collaborative project to produce a scholarly and densely annotated English translation of the critical edition of the Valmiki Ramayana.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuneo Tokunaga\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eis Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit at Kyoto University.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePetteri Koskikallio and Asko Parpola, secretary general and president, respectively, of the 12th world Sanskrit conference, are Finnish Indologists. Asko Parpola is Professor Emeritus of South Asian and Indo-European Studies at the University of Helsinki.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eRecent years have witnessed continued and growing interest in the massive, ancient, fascinating, mysterious and culturally rich poems we know as the Sanskrit epics. This interest has manifested itself in the continuing translations of the critical editions of both texts, a steady stream of monographs and edited volumes, and numerous scholarly meetings involving members of the international community of Sanskrit epic scholars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eA number of these scholars assembled in Helsinki to constitute the Epic section of the 12th world Sanskrit Conference convened in that beautiful city in the summer of 2003 under the auspices of the International Association of Sanskrit studies and the University of Helsinki. The present volume places before the Indological community the sixteen learned papers presented at the conference by the distinguished group of scholars who were in attendance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe topics and methodologies of the authors are as varied and diverse as the contents of the monumental poems themselves but each, we believe, sheds new light on some aspect of the genetic and\/or receptive history of these popular and massively influential works, their relationship to each other and to other Indic texts, or the representation and analysis of specific characters and episodes in the poems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePutting together a volume of this kind naturally takes a great deal of time, energy and support from a number of individuals and institutions. We, the editors, would like to express our thanks to those who have made this publication possible. First, we would like to thank the authors for their scholarship and their gracious cooperation during the long editing process. Special thanks are also due to Dr. Petteri Koskikallio for his long and tireless efforts to organize the edition and to see it through to its conclusion. In addition, the editors are deeply indebted to Dr. Kensuke Okamoto for his hard and fruitful labours on the volume's unusually detailed and excellent index. Finally we would like to express our gratitude to the Finnish cultural foundation for their generous support without which the volume would never have seen the light of day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003ePreface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"20%\"\u003ev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContributors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbbreviations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003exiv\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHorst Brinkhaus\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManu Vaiasvata as sraddhadeva: On the Insertion of the Pitrkalpa into the Harivamsa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJohn Brockington\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eValmiki's Portrayal of\u003cspan\u003e Hanuman\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMary Brockington\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHusband or Slave? Interpreting the Hero of the\u003cspan\u003e Mahabharta\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSimon Brodbeck\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHusbands of Earth: Ksatriyas, females, and female Ksatriyas in the Striparvan of the Mahabharata\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e33\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNicolas Dejenne\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTrihsoptakrtvah: The Significance of the number \"Thrice seven\" in the Rama Jamadagnya Myth of the Mahabharata\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e65\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDanielle Feller\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe story of Asita Devala and Jaigisavya in Mahabharata 9.49\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e79\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJames L. Fitzgerald\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA Preliminary study of the 681 Tristubh Passages of the Mahabharata\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRobert P. Goldman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTo wake a sleeping Gaint: Valmiki's Account(s) of the life and Death of Kumbhakarna\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e119\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSally J. Sutherland Goldman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSita's War: Gender and Narrative in the Yuddhakanda of Valmiki's Ramayana\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e139\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAlf Hil Tebeitel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAuthorial Paths through the two Sanskrit Epics, Via the Ramopakhyana\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e169\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMislav Jezic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Relationship between the Bhagavadgita and the Vedic Upanisads: Parallels and Relative Chronology\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e215\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePaolo Magnone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePatterns of tejas (and ksama) in the Epics\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e283\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRam Karan Sharma\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSome aspects of the character of Bhisma in the Mahabharata\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e309\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeorg Von Simson\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Mahbharata as a source of inspiration for Visakhandatta's Drama Mudraraksasa: A case study of intertextuality\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e319\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRenate Sohnen-Thieme\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndra in the Harivamsa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e335\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuneo Tokunaga\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBhisma's discourse as a sokapanodana\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e371\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e383\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Robert P. 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