{"product_id":"topics-in-pali-historical-phonology-edition-1979","title":"Topics in Pali Historical Phonology (Edition 1979)","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe problems of early Indo-Aryan phonology have been an important concern of generative phonology in the last fifteen years. A central issue was the problems of rule ordering involved in the synchronic and diachronic operation of Grass- mann’s Law and the application of Bartholomae’s Law. The successive analyses of Zwicky (1965), Kiparsky (1965), and Anderson (1970) ran into a number of difficulties, and the debate is still going on in a number of recent articles mainly in Linguistic Inquiry (e.g., Sag [1974, 1976], Phelps [1975], Schindler [1976], etc.). Similarly, the so—called ruki-rule (retrollexion of s triggered by following r, ii, k or i) has been the object of lively discussion in view of the difficulty of considering the conditioning segments of the retroilexion rule as members of one \"natural class\" (cf., e. g., Zwicky [1970], Vennemann [1974], etc.), As a consequence, those aspects of\u003cspan\u003e Sanskrit \u003c\/span\u003ephonology often found their way into the current handbooks; thus, S. Anderson deals extensively (pp. 44-47 and 203-208) with Grossmann’s Law in The Organization of Phonology (New York, Academic Press, 1974). 1VIiddle Indic, on the contrary, is widely neglected, and it is therefore a most welcome initiative that Dr. Indira junghare has taken to provide us with the first synchronic and diachronic phonological analysis of Pali, using the methods of generative phonology, The results that she obtained speak for themselves: they prove that the generative approach provides a better insight into the process of language change ; they throw a new light on some complex problems of Pali phonology, as for example the phonetic quality of Pali resonant plus h; they provide a model for further work on Middle Indic phonology, which is so badly needed if we want to understand the full scope of the development of Indo-Aryan until the present time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBut the work of Dr. junghare is not only timely—it is a work of great patience and industry, based on carefully checked data, exhaustively discussed with leading scholars like Professor S. Katre, and thoroughly analyzed and elaborated in the generative framework under the guidance of Professor R. King. Relevance to modern Indo-Aryan, problems of grammatical structure and development were also reviewed with Professor working with Dr. Junghare during the preparation of this volume one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my career.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Book:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis book is an account of the phonological development of the Pali language from Sanskrit times, which incorporates the latest developments in linguistic scholarship. Within the framework of generate phonology, it deals with a number of interesting aspects concerning sound changes. It examines the underlying forms, the base for their postulation, readjustment rules, phonological rules, their order with respect to each other and with respect to the rules in other set. The study separates synchronic rules from historical processes, inherited rules from innovated rules, and generalized rules from particularized rules. Furthermore, it discusses restructuring and global constraint, and suggests some phonological universals on the basis of Pali assimilatory process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIndira Y. Junghare is an Associate Professor in the Department of South Asian Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. She teaches Indo-Aryan Linguistics, Marathi, Hindi, Sanskrit, and Indian Philosophy. She received a B.A. in Philosophy from Nagpur University and an M.A. and Ph. D. in Linguistics from the University of Texas, Austin. Author of several articles on Indo-Aryan Linguistics in addition to articles on Marathi language and literature, she has also translated some Hindi and Marathi literature into English.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe problems of early Indo-Aryan phonology have been an important concern of generative phonology in the last fifteen years. A central issue was the problems of rule ordering involved in the synchronic and diachronic operation of Grass- man’s Law and the application of l3artholomae’s Law. The successive analyses of Zwicky (1965), Kiparsky (1965), and Anderson (1970) ran into a number of difficulties, and the debate is still going on in a number of recent articles mainly in Linguistic Inquiry (e.g., Sag [1974, 1976], Phelps [1975], Schindler [1976], etc.). Similarly, the so-called raid-rule (retro flexion of s triggered by following r, a, k or i) has been the object of lively discussion in view of the difficulty of considering the conditioning segments of the retro flexion rule as members of one ‘natural class” (cf., e. g., Zwicky [1970], Vennemann [1974], etc.). As a consequence, those aspects of Sanskrit phonology often found their way into the current handbooks: thus, S. Anderson deals extensively (pp. 44-47 and 203-208) with Grassmann’s Law in Tue Organization of Phonology (New York; Academic Press, 1974). Middle Indic, on the contrary, is widely neglected, and it is therefore a most welcome initiative that Dr. Indira Jung hare has taken to provide us with the first synchronic and diachronic phonological analysis of Pali, using the methods of generative phonology. The results that she obtained speak for themselves: they prove that the generative approach provides a better insight into the process f language change; they throw a new light on some complex problems of Pali phonology, as for example the phonetic quality of Pali resonates plus it; they provide a model for Srther work on Middle Indic phonology, which is so badly needed if we want to understand the full scope of the development of Indo-Aryan until the present time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBut the work of Dr. Junghare is not only timely—it is a work of great patience and industry, based on carefully checked data, exhaustively discussed with leading scholars like Professor S. Katra and thoroughly analyzed and elaborated in the generative framework under the guidance of Prof. R. King. Relevance to modern Indo-Aryan Problems of grammatical structure and development were also reviewed with Prof. H. Van Olphen As for myself I can only say that I found working with Dr. Junghare during the preparation of this volume one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my career.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePali is an archaic Prakrit a middle Indian language which is a descendant of one of the old Indo Aryan languages. It is very closely related to both Vedic and Sanskrit although by no means identical with either one of them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIt is of interest to know what happens to a language in the process of its developments. Every language extinct or living is important to a linguist. A linguist formulates hypotheses about phonological morphological and syntactic universals. Since he wishes these universals to be valid for all periods of human language he tired to test them on the basis of the study of both living and extinct languages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe purpose and scope\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe Purpose of this research is\u003cbr\u003e1. To present a synchronic description of Pali Phonology\u003cbr\u003e2. To Compare it with a synchronic description of Skt. Phonology and\u003cbr\u003e3. To see their implications for the theory of historical phonology, morphology and morphophonology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePali is the language of Buddhistic philosophic one of the greatest philosophies in the world. it is recorded in the literature of four periods (1) the language of the Gathas the metrical pieces which ahs a very heterogeneous character and contains many archaic forms; (2) the language of the canonical prose which is more homogeneous than the language of the Gathas (3) the language of post canonical literature and (4) the language of later artificial poetry having no homogeneous character. In this work no separate phonological descriptions are presented for the language of these stages. Instead the phonological presentation given here suffices for their description since they are not too dissimilar. Occasionally I have taken the liberty to standardize the language.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePali is thought to be an artificial language a mixture of various dialects. However the dialectical differences are not so great as to require separate description. The differences so great as to require separate descriptions. The differences can be expressed in terms of the presence or absence of a few low level rules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThere are several opinions regarding the origin of Pali, both geographic and genetic. The most popular opinion is that Pãli is Magadhi, the language of Bihar where Buddhism arose. Buddhistic tradition claims that Pali-Tipitoka is composed in the language of Buddha; hence, Magadhi is also called Mulabhasã, the basic language. Burnouf and Lassen (1826) have, however, refuted this opinion on the grounds that some phonological features of Magadhi are not found in Pall. For example, every Skt. r is changed to I in Magadhi, but r is changed to I only sporadically in Pali. Also, the depalatalization of s, which is present in Pall, is absent in Mägadhi. Finally, in Magadhi, the masc. and neut. nouns ending in a, as well as consonants, take the nom. sg. suffix e. In the same noun stems of Pali, the nom. sg. suffixes of masc. and neut. nouns are o and am, respectively.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSome linguists, such as Kuhn (1875) and Franke (‘902), have considered Pali to be the dialect of Ujjayini since it stands closest to the language of the Moka-inscriptions of Girnar and since the dialect of Ujjayini is said to have been the mother- tongue of Mahinda who preached Buddhism in Ceylon. Hence, the Vindhya region has been considered to be the home of Pali; but linguists Oldenberg (1879) and Muller (1884) consider the Kalinga country to be the home of Pall. Their conclusion is based on the argument that the oldest settlement in Ceylon could have been founded by the people of Kalinga, the area on the mainland opposite Ceylon, rather than by people from Bengal and Bihar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePali has been considered as Ardha Mägadhi because there are similarities between Pali and Ara (Ardha Magadhi) phonologies and morphologies, and because Ardha Magadhi differs from Magadhi exactly on the same points as Pãli.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBloch (1965) views the conflict and the linguistic evidence behind it and concludes that it is impossible to localize any Middle Indic language. The location of inscriptions is no clue; for example, Middle Indic inscriptions are found in areas which are Dravidian today and probably have always been Deavdian. Nor is linguistic evidence fruitful. Every Middle Indic language has forms which are not regular in that language but reflect regular phonological processes in other Middle Indic languages. An example is the use of o for the nom pl. and e for the accusative plural of consonant stems in Pali, the first is the regular Magadhi descendent of the same old Indic suffix. Writers freely borrowed forms form other languages to make distinctions they felt were useful even when the distinctions existed neither in the source language nor in the recipient language. But by and large correspondences between Pali and old Indic are regular and we may safely conclude that pali is very close to Middle Indic language spoken somewhere in the Indian cultural area but artificially modified in a few respects on the basis of other middle Indic languages and classical Sanskrit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cb\u003eContents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/center\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80%\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003evii\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eForeword Prof. Edgar C. Polome\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eix\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Purpose and scope\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOrigin of Pali\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFeature System\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlobal Constraint\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eII\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadjustement and Phonological Rules and their order\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReadjustment Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePhonological Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIII\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistorical Processes in pali\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e109\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe Chronology of sound changes and the order of synchronic rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e109\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. Mid Vowel formation and low Vowel Shortening\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e109\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. Mid Vowel formation and the drop of Intervocalic w\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e115\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3. Shortening of Nasalized Vowels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e117\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSound changes resulting in Restructuring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSound Changes not resulting in Restructuring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e121\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe phonetic Quality of Pali Resonants plus h\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e124\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNasals Plus h\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlides Plus h\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e126\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePali Assimilation and phonological Universals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e126\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. Degrees of Sonority\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e126\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. Degrees of final Sonority\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e127\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3. Degrees of Initial Sonority\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e128\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAssimilatory Process\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e128\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelation between Skt. And Pali Phonology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e132\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI. Underlying forms in Skt. And pali\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e132\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. Root Initial Geminates in Pali\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e132\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. The Structure of the Verbal Root\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e136\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3. High Vowels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e137\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRestructuring of Glides to High Vowels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e143\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLaryngeal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e146\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRestructuring of the Laryngeal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e155\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eII. Changes in Skt. Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e158\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePhonological Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e158\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. Inherited\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e158\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. Innovations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e159\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReadjustment Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e160\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. Inherited\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e160\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. Innovations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e160\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeneralized Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e160\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1. n-Insertion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e160\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2. s-Retroflexion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e162\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3. Vowel Lengthening in Plurals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e166\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4. Unnatural Sandhi Generalization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e167\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5. Nasal Assimilation to Liquids\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e169\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6. Dropping of Final Consonants\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e170\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7. Vowel Nasalization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e171\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8. Palatalization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e173\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9. Vowel Shortening before two Consonants\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParticularized Rules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrefix Vowel Nasalization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eV. Summary and conclusion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e177\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBibliography\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e181\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAdded Bibliography\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e186\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e187\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCorrections\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e193\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Indira Yashwant Junghare","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45780737261706,"sku":"","price":550.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0592\/8583\/1818\/files\/Topics_in_Pali_Historical_Phonology_Edition_1979_By_Indira_Yashwant_Junghare.png?v=1734416907","url":"https:\/\/www.motilalbanarsidass.com\/products\/topics-in-pali-historical-phonology-edition-1979","provider":"Motilal Banarsidass","version":"1.0","type":"link"}