ब्रह्मसूत्रम्: Brahma Sutra with Sankaracharya's Commentary

The "Brahma Sutra" with commentary by Adi Shankaracharya is another foundational text in the Advaita Vedanta tradition. The Brahma Sutra, also known as the Vedanta Sutra, is one of the three canonical texts of Vedanta philosophy, along with the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. It was composed by Badarayana and is a compilation of aphorisms that systematize the philosophical teachings found in the Upanishads.

Key Features of Shankaracharya's Commentary:

1. Advaita Vedanta Exposition: Shankaracharya’s commentary on the Brahma Sutra is a primary source for understanding Advaita Vedanta. He provides a non-dualistic interpretation, arguing that the ultimate reality, Brahman, is the sole, unchanging reality, and the individual soul (Atman) is not separate from Brahman.

2. Clear and Systematic Analysis: Shankaracharya offers a meticulous and systematic analysis of the Sutras. His logical arguments and clear exposition help to resolve apparent contradictions and clarify complex philosophical concepts.

3. Refutation of Opposing Views: Throughout his commentary, Shankaracharya engages with and refutes various philosophical schools of thought, including Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Mimamsa, and Buddhist philosophies. This dialectical approach strengthens his arguments for Advaita Vedanta.

4. Scriptural Corroboration: He extensively references the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and other Vedic texts to support his interpretations and establish the coherence of Vedanta philosophy.

5. Practical Spiritual Guidance: While deeply philosophical, Shankaracharya’s commentary also offers practical insights for spiritual practice and the pursuit of liberation (moksha).

Structure:

The Brahma Sutra is divided into four chapters (Adhyayas), each further subdivided into sections (Padas) and aphorisms (Sutras):

1. Samanvaya (Chapter 1): Establishes the harmony of the teachings of the Upanishads, asserting that they all point to the same ultimate truth, Brahman.
2. Avirodha (Chapter 2): Addresses and refutes objections to Vedanta philosophy from other schools of thought.
3. Sadhana (Chapter 3): Discusses the means to attain knowledge of Brahman, including meditation and ethical conduct.
4. Phala (Chapter 4): Describes the fruits of knowledge of Brahman, primarily liberation (moksha) and the nature of the liberated state.

Importance:

Shankaracharya's commentary on the Brahma Sutra is considered one of the most authoritative interpretations of the text. It is essential for anyone studying Advaita Vedanta and provides deep insights into the nature of reality, the self, and the path to liberation.

Availability:

The Brahma Sutra with Shankaracharya's commentary is available in several translations and editions. Many editions also include introductory notes, explanations, and appendices to help readers understand the context and significance of Shankaracharya's interpretations.

This text is invaluable for students of Indian philosophy, scholars, and spiritual seekers who wish to delve into the depths of Vedantic wisdom and understand the core teachings of non-dualism.