Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine (Revised & Enlarged Edition) by Vaidya Bhagwan Dash

Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine (Revised & Enlarged Edition)

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Fundamentals of Ayurvedic Medicine (Revised & Enlarged Edition)
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Traditional systems of medicines developed in various parts of the world during different ages. A systematic shape was given to them in different ancient centres of civilization and culture. Some of these traditional systems are based on a rational and sound fundamental principles and some others have only an empirical base. Some of those traditional systems did not survive and have become subjects of history whereas others like the traditional system of medicine of India and China are not only surviving but also fully progressing with State patronage. The present book gives fundamentals of Ayurveda in clear and lucid style.

 

About The Auhtor

Vaidya Bhagwan Dash in the course of over three. decades of dedicated research and practice of Ayurveda has written more than forty outstanding books on Ayurveda and TIbetan Medicines.

 

Preface To Revised & Enlarged Edition

The prophetic prayer of Sir Hutchison, the illustrious author of the well known work Clinical Methods- is more significant today than ever before. Splitting the body into finest particles, probing deeper and deeper into their functions. and finding remedies for correcting their morbidities have become the primary objective of modern medical research. In this process. the individual as a whole is getting lost. Ancient health science like Ayurveda, health-protector of humanity for thousands of years and store-house of human knowledge about health need to be studied carefully, examined scientifically and utilised diligently for the health-development of the individual and the society as a whole.

Too much dependence upon laboratories, and less upon the clinical acumen has created a barrier in the physician-patient relationship. In ayurveda, simple methods are employed for the diagnosis of diseases; therefore it is economical. In addition, because of its availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability and dependability, there is a keen and sincere desire to know more and more about ayurveda both among the elite physicians as well as scientists, and common man all over the world. For the proper appreciation and correct application of ayurveda in the day to day health care, the knowledge of its fundamental principles is very essential. Therefore, a new edition of this work with revision of chapters, addition of new information and lucid explanations is presented before the august readers.

Ku. Kanchan Gupta, M.A., M.Ed. was of great help in editing this work, and my daughter Ku. Pratima Dash helped in preparing the press-copy. May God bestow upon them good health, happiness and prosperity in life.

 

Introduction

Man has eternally endeavoured to keep himself free from three types of miseries, namely, physical, mental and spiritual. Therefore, the history of medicine is as old as the history" of mankind. According to Indian tradition, the four primary objectives of human life are : dharma or to perform religious rites, artha or to acquire wealth, kama or to satisfy the worldly desires, and moksa or to attain salvation. Good health was considered to be the sine qua non for the" achievement of these objectives.

Traditional systems of medicine developed in various parts of the world during different ages. A systematic shape was given to them in different ancient centres of civilization and culture. According to Caraka, Ayurveda or "the science of life" had always been in existence and there had always been people who understood it in their own way. Some of these traditional systems are based on a rational and sound fundamental principles and some others have only an empirical base. Some of those traditional systems did not survive and have become subjects of history of medicine like the Greek medicine and the Egyptian medicine. Some others like the traditional system of medicine of India and China are not only surviving but also fully progressing with State patronage.

Ayurveda. Unani, Siddha, Emchi (Tibetan) and Prakrtika cikitsa (Naturopathy) are the various traditional systems of medicine still prevalent in India. Yoga and Tantra which are primarily meant for spiritual attainments have also certain prescriptions for the prevention and cure of psychic, somatic and psycho-somatic ailments. Besides, several types of folk medicines are prevalent in different tribal areas of India. They have a rich tradition of me use of plants, minerals and animal products having therapeutic utility.

Of the traditional systems of medicine in India, the practice of Ayurveda is prevalent in almost all parts of the country and its neighbouring countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh as well as Pakistan. Unani Tibb which literally means Greek medicine, is popular in certain regions of the country which are dominated by Muslim population. The Siddha system of medicine is identified with Dravidian culture and it 0 is prevalent in the State of Tamil Nadu and some of its adjacent areas of the neighbouring States of South India having Tamil-speaking population. Emchi which is commonly known as the Tibetan system of medicine is popular in certain border areas of the northern India like Laddakh, Lahul, Spiti, Darjeeling and Sikkim. These areas have a common border with Tibet and China. Centres for the practice of Yoga, Tantra and Prakrtika cikitsa are located in different parts of the country. Tribal people mostly inhabit the forest areas of States like Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, and diffrent types of folk medicine are prevalent among these adivasis or tribal people.

Both in theory and practice, there are many things in common use among these Traditional Systems of Medicine of India. Each one of them has given to and taken from the other. The medicines of one system are therefore, freely used by the practitioners of another system and these systems are not in water-tight compartments. However, Ayurveda which is the most popular among the people of India has a unique position among them.

Definition of Ayurveda The word 'Ayurveda' is composed of two Sanskrit terms, viz., ayus meaning 'life', and' veda' meaning the' knowledge' and taken together, it means the 'Science of Life.' However, in a limited sense, it 0 is always used to imply 'the Science of Medicine'. Caraka has defined ayurveda as the Science through the help of which one can obtain knowledge about the useful and harmful types of life (hita and ahita ayus), happy and miserable types of life, things which are useful and harmful for such types of life, the span of life as well as the very nature of life." It will be seen from this definition that Ayurveda lays emphasis upon not only leading a life which is full of happiness, which implies an individualistic attitude but also leading a life which will be useful to society as a whole. Man is a social being. He cannot withdraw from society. Unless the society becomes happy, it will not be possible for the individual to attain or maintain his own happiness. It is with this in view that the individual should always make an effort to subscribe to the happiness of the society and ayurvedic texts are replete with references to the manner in which the society can be kept happy. The social medicine which is treated as a new concept in modern system of medicine is nothing but reminiscent• of what has been preached and propounded in ayurveda more than 2500 years ago.

 

Contents

 

Preface To The Revised Edition v
Preface To The First Edition xix
Romanic Equivalents of Devanagari xxvii
1 Introduction 1-5
2 Unique Features of Ayurveda 6-14
3 Historical Review 15-21
4 Creation of The Universe 22-24
5 Concept of Panca-Mahabhutas 25-26
6 Tridosa Concept 27-36
7 Concept of Dhatu 37-39
8 Concept of Mala 40-41
9 Stotas or Channels of Circulation 42-47
10 Digestion and Metabolism 48-53-
11 Prakrti or Physical Constitution 54-62
12 Concept of Mind 63-73
13 Sleep 74-75
14 Dream 76-77
15 Panca-Kosas or Five Sheaths 78-79
16 Anatomical Descriptions 80-84
17 Concepts of Drug Composition and Drug Action 85-89
18 Preventive Medicine 90-117
Dinacarya or The Regimen During Day-Time
Ratricarya (Conduct During Night Seasons)
Natsual Urges
Suppressible Urges
19 Examination of Patients 118-132
Pulse Examination
Pathological Variations
Examination of The Age of The Patient
Examination of The Strength of The Patient
Examination of Sattva
Examination of Wholesomeness
20 Examination of Diseases 133-138
Nidana or Caustive Factors
Upasaya or Exploratory Therapy
21 Etiology and Patho Genesis of Diseases 139-145
Three Types of Disease in The Body
Site of Origin of The Diseases
Mode of Spread of Disease
Site of Manifestation of Disease
Kriya Kalas (Stages of Development of Disease)
22 Classification of Diseases 146-149
23 Diseases and Their Varieties 150-154
24 Therapeutics 155-160
Different Types of Therapy
25 Panca-Karma (Five Specialized Therapies) 161-169
26 Diet 170-184
Absorption and Assimilation of Food
Factors Determinig Utility of Food
Dietetic Rules
Anupana or Post-Prandial Drinks Intake of Water
Rejuvenating Effect of Water
27 Drugs 185-201
Properties of Ayurvedic Drugs
Classification of Ayurvedic Medicines
Compound Preparations
Names of Drug Formulations
Pharmaceutical Processes
Sodhana or Purification
Best Among Drugs, Diet and Regiments
Best Drugs for Ceartain Ailments
Action of Drugs
28 Methods of Preparation of Ayurvedic Medicines 202-208
29 The Drug 'Terminalia Chebula' In Ayurveda and Tibetan 209-219
Medical Literature
30 Garlic In Ancient Indian Medical Texts 220-238
Rasona Kalpa
Compound Formulations
31 Cannabis In Ancient Medical Texts 239-254
32 Death and Epidemics 255-257
Epidemics (Janapadodhvamsa)
33 Study and Practice 258-265
34 Other Traditional Systems of Medicine 266-283
Siddha System of Medicine
Emchi Ortibetan System of Medicine
Prakrtika Cikitsa (Naturopathy)
Yoga
Tantra
Index 285

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