Susruta Samhita (in 3 vol set)

Vaidyakirti (Honoris Causa, Sri Lanka) Born at Allahabad in 1932. Brilliant academic career with medical eduction at Lucknow, Edinburgh and Toronto. A widely travelled Paediatric Surgeon and Historian of Medicine, Rotarian Dr. Singhal was Professor & Head of the Paediatric Surgery Section and former Head of the Dept. of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Prof. Singhal was a Fellow of the International Society of History of Medicine and was the President of the B.H.U. History of Medicine Society; he was also a Fellow/Member of many national/international academic bodies on Surgery/Paediatric Surgery/History of Medi- cine and was recognised as an authority on Ancient Indian Surgery. His monumetal ency- clopaedic Ayurvedic works on Sushruta Samhita and Madhava Nidana have already won national/international recognition are changing the History of Medicine and are stimulating research on Ayurveda all over the world. Prof. Singhal claimed Sushruta of India to be called the ‘Father of Surgery" and frequently invited to give authentic talks on the subject in India and abroad.

Volume-1PREFACE

It is a great pleasure to introduce the English translation of Susruca Samhita being brought out under the editorship of Dr. G. D. Singhal. Susrura Samhica is one of the important treatises of Ayurveda and has a lot of valuable information among others from the surgical point of view. A diligent search of this treatise reveals the presence of seeds of conceptual thoughts relating to many surgical aspects which are practised in current period,

Ayurveda has been handed over from generation to gencration almost in an uninterrupted continuity. In Susruta Samhita one finds a systematised approach and the deeper understanding of this is likely to open new vistas of thought and the present English version is aimed to apprise the modern worker the intti- cacies present in this great treatise.

The editorial board while translating has also presented a picture of gen- esis of cach concept and its place in the current surgical practice can be easily appreciated through this. This will enable the reader to know its impact on the art and practice of surgery today.

The entire work is divided into various sections almost faithfully based on the original text. The sections purport to highlight the surgical aspects practised in those days with their relevance to the present day surgical methods, manouvers and knowledge.

Susruta was considered a surgeon and he belonged to Dhanwanrari school of thought. The evolution of a medical system was invariably preceded by cura- tive spells and other religious and traditional folk customs. Medical and surgical procedures written at that remote period cannot ignore these fundamental traits. Following this a system of medical practice with considerable refinement emerg: d and it did not fully shelve the magic spells and traditions into oblivion in view of their hold on society and life.

The wars, in ancient days, to some extent contributed for the development and progress of different branthes of medical knowledge including surgery. War surgery developed in this way. References to Vedic surgery like uniting che head of the God of sacrifice to his decapitated body provides insight into the surgical acumen that existed then. War free period provided scope for leading a peaceful and stately life during which men travelled in chariots and other kinds of ve- hicles for enjoyment and as a luxury in a carefree mannet and got involved in road accidents. This provided scope for the development of the surgery of acci- dents and injuries. Midwifery also developed since the war surgery had litde place in peace time. Evolution and advances of surgery, or as a matter of fact of any branch of knowledge, is with reference to needs, circumstances and environ- ment in addition to other factors connected with life. Susrutarin surgery almost followed Vedic surgery. The credit of providing a systematised approach goes to Susruta since he was the earliest to make elaborate efforts to keep it on a sound footing so far as his age is concerned in practice and of imparting practical knowledge. Instrumentology also developed during his time since this has a greater potential for success in this field. The plastic surgery and rhino-plasty described by Suiruta have been acclaimed even today as the greatest of the sur- gical techniques and they may be treated as important landmarks in the field of surgery. Obviously by advancement of this and other techniques the country sowed sceds for the development of a high class surgical approach of sophis- ticated nature. India made original contribution to the corpus of surgical knowledge. Reference to cataract crouching, amputation of limbs, abdominal operations, setting of fractures and dislocations, treatment of hacmorrhoids and fistula, treating of hernia, etc. and the basic principles behind these numerous operations which were described by Suéruta are as much valid today as it was then. Lithotomy and post-operative management of these cases are discussed in detail. A number of obstetrical manouvers and operative techniques have been elaborated. Ophthalmic surgery was practised in the days of Susruta. Practical training was considered essential and reference to methods to be adopted to provide effective practical knowledge in those days in surgical methods and techniques will be found to be interesting. Surgical incisions are practised on vegetables having different consistencies and textures; this provided a practical knowledge and experience regarding the force to be adopted, the extenvdepth to which the incisions were to be made in addition to making the surgical stu- dent steady. Another therapeutic measure mentioned was blood-letting.

With a view to provide the required knowledge. the treatise of Suiruta laid emphasis on a study of the anatomy and the dissection of cadavers. The work of Susruta dealt with cmbryology, biology. cosmogony, physiology, materia medica and therapeutics and a number of fields which have relevance to the study of Ayurveda. The medical aspect has also been mentioned by Susrura almost in the same manner though stress is laid on surgical aspects.

Susruta Samhita can be considered as an excellent surgical treatise which was much eulogised by a number of occidental and other experts.

With the availability of an English version with a detailed commentary and helpful notes, the treatise will benefit a wider circle of readers not only in India but also abroad with potentiality to contribute further in the art and practice of surgery. The planning of the work provides an advantage of a rapid reference to the subject/topic in which the reader is interested. The long felt need for such a work is expected to be solved by the series of volumes envisaged.

I have every confidence that this will prove to be a valuable addition to every medical institution whatever be the system it is handling. Research work- ers, scholars, teachers, surgical experts and scientists irrespective of the field of medicine to which they belong are sure to find the work useful and rewarding. The editorial board composed of experts of Ayurveda and allopathic system pro- vide an acceptable interpretation of the concepts and substance of Suéruta Samhita. The much felt need for an English version of Sugruca Samhiea having interpretative and working information will be met with by this compendium.

Volume-2PREFACE

India has a great and ancient cultural heritage. Medical treatment (Ayurveda) flourished here centuries ago when people in other parts of the world were not so advanced. There is no dearth of evidence to prove these state- ments as is shown by the Vedas, Puranas and other subsequent Indian publica- tions.

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, was practised about 1000 B.C. It is available today in three classical Samhitas or treatises, the Caraka, Susrura and Vagbhata (in addition to many other smalicr later publications). All were written in Sanskrit, the ages old Indian language comparable to the Greek or Latin of the Wester World. Caraka and Vagbhata books are mainly on medicine whereas Suiruta is chiefly a surgical treatise.

As all these classical creatises have so far been available in Sanskrit only, they have been comparatively less well known to the modern world, A great necessity was felt to bring out the proud possessions of ours accepted as invaluable national literary treasures using contemporary scientific and medical terminology in a language understandable easily in many other parts of the world. Susruta, the surgical treatise has been selected to be brought our firse.

A great necessity has been felt by the scientists of the modern world, doc- tors, surgeons, historians, research workers and the educated class of public in general to be able ca get to know Suéruta-Samhitd in the language understand- able by them. English written in Roman script was selected as the language for translation as it is one of the international languages and myself and other authors and translators here have a working knowledge of it.

Other attempts at Translation and their Drawback The first accempt at cranslation of Suiruta-Samhitt was made in 1897 by Dr. A.ER. Hoernle, C.1.E. His preface is quoted verbatim below "The present translation of che Suruta-Samhité has been undertaken by me at the special request of the Council of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. The original translation made by Dr. Udoy Chand Dutt was stopped by the untimely death of the translator, after the publication of his second fasciculus. Its continuation by another translator proved so unsatisfactory that it had to be abandoned, after one more fasciculus. Dr. U. Ch. Durt's translation, though a very fair performance, laboured under che disadvantage, owing to the translator's want of knowledge of Sanskrit, of not being made dircctly from the original language. It also lacked elucidation from the works of commentators. Both points are remedied in the present translation, which accordingly has been com- menced de novo." - Calcutta, 26th November, 1897 A.R.H.

The next attempr at translation only (without any comments etc.) of Suéruta-Samhit3, was made by Kaviraja Kunj Lal Bhisagratna in 1907. He was a great Sanskrit scholar without modern medical or surgic +l background. Conse- quently, his book, though a brave and creditable attempt, could neither provide much help to the scientist, the research worker or the historian, nor could his interpretations be corrclated with modern medical terminology. Kaviraj Bhisagratna’s translation, at places gives the impression of being explanatory rather than literal and of being somewhat biased.

Hoernle's Translation was more accurate than that of Kunjlal or U.Ch. Dutr’s bur the scientific comments were lacking and one could not find our the historical facts of importance or the problems on which scientists and research workers should concentrate. But whatever it is, he could bring out only one fasciculas of 98 pages of this much needed book.

The original has 186 chapters (1000 pages) in Sanskrit. Every verse or stanza in each chapter is numbered. Translation of each verse or stanza has now been done as accurately as possible. Each verse or a few verses together have been given followed immediately by their English syntex; each unit has been given a heading in modern terminology which is usually self-explanatory. Hence, foor- notes have been given sparsely and only if their necessity has been felt strongly.

In addition, the volume has an ‘Introduction’ in the beginning which in- cludes a "four line gist" of each chapter contained in chat particular volume. Thus even a casual reader by reading the introduction would get to know the broad contents of the book. IF the gist of any chapter interests him he could read more about it in the "Summary" given at the beginning of the chapter con- cemed. If any point further arouses his curiosity, he could turn over to the verse or stanza concerned with the heading outlined for him alongwith the original Sanskrit and its literal (syntex) translation "ready on the plate" as it were. And the reader has not got to go further than turning to the end of the chapter to look for the research problems that he may be interested in. Importance of the Book.

It is believed that this book would be a fundamental contribution to the History of Medicine. Our entire concept of History of Medicine would need to be reoriented, e.g, classification of burns would begin by Susrura and nor Dupuytrens, lichotomy operations should mention Suiruta before Ambroise Pare, credit for describing signs of inflammation first should go to Susruta and nor to Celsus and a host of other things such as piles, fistula, skin diseases, cye diseases etc.

In addition, the research problems outlined in this book would interest the Pharmacology Deptt., Botany Depet., pharmaceutical drug companies, the surgeons and physicians, and the research workers in the experimental surgery and other sections.

Presentation of this terse, ancient Sanskrit medicinal classic in such a sci- entific yet easy and lucid way is something unique. If even one good drug is found such as that mentioned in S.S. 1. 14. which could be of value in haemostasis, e.g. after prostatectomy or a bleeding discase, or its counterpart, a drug which has anticoagulating properties of possible use in the prevention and cure of cerebral or coronary thrombosis, it would be a drug worth its price.

Translation has been checked many times by competent authorities. Sum- mary and research aspects, comments and references have been carefully writ- ten. Still it would be a great wonder if scope for improvement was not found. Many mistakes would certainly be pointed out by the learned readers which would be tried to be rectified in subsequent editions.

Book 3 on Diagnostic Considerations is being brought out first because of its greater practical utility. It is expected that the other books of the serics would be published in rapid succession.

Volume-3PREFACE

Susruta Samhita is probably the carliest treatise which has deale with surgery as the foremost speciality of the medical science. In contrast, in the West it was considered an inferior calling relegated to barbers from the time of Hippocrates till the 19th century. This Samhitd is not only the most com- prehensive treatise on the ethical, philosophical and practical aspects of surgery, it has also given due importance to other specialities of the medical and related sciences! and in addition has made original contributions to Internal Medicine (Kaya-cikita) and Pharmacology (Dravyaguna) Evidently, the knowledge presented in a crystallized form in this treatise must have been based on a long period of earlier experience. It is generally accepted (Thorwald)? that Susruta's lucid and systematic presentation of the conceptual and technical aspects of surgery, as well as the philosophy and ethics of medicine was quite advanced and may have relevance even today.

Surgical feats as replacement of the lost leg of Queen Vispala by an artificial iron leg and replacement or hetero-transplantation of the head and testicles by the divine win physicians Asvini Kumaras are mentioned in the Vedas, the ancientmost repository of human knowledge.’ It is only in Sugruta Samhita chat we find surgery systematized and presented in a scientific manner. It is specially significant because Susruta, the author of this Samhita and his preceptor Divodisa Dhanvantari lived carlier than Buddha (600 B. C.) as per opinion of the eastern as well as the western medical historians. Thus there is no doubt that this Samhita ancedates Hippocrates (300 B. C.) by several centuries.

The surgical practice of Susruca was of a high standard is evident by his insistence on the surgeon's theoretical and practical expertise and ethical qualities, his precise, lucid and classified descriptions of the surgical procedures in general and of the individual surgical operations, his innovations in the use of various blunt and sharp instruments and his basic concepts in the total surgical management of patients. A few examples will amply testify to the above state- ments.

Surgical Armamentarium of Susruta

Status of surgery of any age can be best evaluated by the variety and quality of the surgeon's armamentarium. Suéruta has described 106 blunt! and 20 sharp? instruments which can be said to be the precursors of modern surgical instruments. In fact a number of them have similar names : as simhamukha yantna" (lion jaw forceps), mudrika iastra? (finger knife), etc. Fourteen differenc types of bandages fulfil all exigencies of bandaging.’ Varieties of needles (straight, curved, blunt and sharp), suture materials," splints and fracture bed for immobilization of fractures at different sites, and parasurgical measures as cautery,’ etc. for bleeding are some other examples. Susruta may well be the first surgeon to have used endoscopes; he has described adi yantras (tubular inscru- ments) which were to be used for direct visual examination of the lesion (roga darianartham." Specific measurements of some of these have also been given. e.g. of arioyantra"' and bhagandana yantra'? for visualizing piles and fistula. Ara’ dastra' used for the diagnosis of suppuration may be said to be the fore-runner of biopsy needles. Similarly, mudrika iastra (Finger knife) was an ideal innovation for conducting blind surgical procedures like opening a retropharyngeal abscess or removal of a dead foetus per vaginum."

Suéruta further advised surgeons nor to be dogmatic but improvise instru- ments according to necessity, taking his descriptions as guidelines only.

Surgical Training

Susruta Samhita is the first ancient treatise which has advocated dissection of the human cadavers'® much against che prejudices which must have been prevalent in his times. Sugruta was the oldest teacher who insisted on dissection as an essential prerequisite for learning surgery. His method of dissection may not be considered ideal in the modern circumstances, bur the very fact that he insisted on dissection and direct observation of human organs in the remote past is very significant.

Besides, Susruta’s ingenious experimental surgery (yogya)' models for teaching various surgical procedures is unique in the history of surgery. His method of surgery was not of trial and error on human patients. His scudents besides undergoing rigorous clinical apprenticeship were required to be fully trained with the help of these experimental models. His experimental models are not only notable for their simplicity, but also for their similarity to the actual surgical procedures and thus Suéruta is unique amongst the teachers of surgery of all times.

Surgical Concepts in Suiruta Samhita

Based on the accurate observation of facts Sustuta has scientifically classi- fied in a systematic manner a wealth of clinical material and the principles of management which are valid even today.

Classification of traumatic wounds, their prognostic evaluation and man- agement, insistence on primary suturing in clean wounds, avoidance of sepsis and excision of extruded omentum and careful suturing of intestinal perfora- tions in che management of perforating abdominal wounds, etc. are remarkable for their modern outlook. Similarly, classification of intestinal perforation in the management of perforating abdominal wounds, etc. are remarkable for their modern outlook?. Similarly, classification of skeletal injuries into dislocations and fractures, varieties of fractures such as green-stick, transverse, fissured, etc. according to the type of bones involved, principles of their management by reduction and immobilization and the criteria of an ideally healed fracture with no shortening, deformity or restriction of movement can be cited as other ex- amples’. Further, he was the first to recognize the similar basic pathology of all thermogenic injuries - hot or cold; he coined the word ‘dta-dagdha™ (cold burn), a term which has come in modern surgery only

CONTENT

 

Volume-1

 

SUTRA-STHANA

 

Chapter-1 : Origin of the Medical Science - Ayurveda

 

Chapter-2 : Student's Initiation Ceremony

 

Chapter-3 : Index of the Treatise

 

Chapter-4 : The Interpretations

 

Chapter-5 : The Preoperative Arrangements

 

Chapter-6 : Seasonal Regimen

 

Chapter-7 : The Varieties of Blunt Instruments

 

Chapter-8 : The Application of Sharp Instruments

 

Chapter-9 : The Principles of Experimental Surgery

 

Chapter-10 : Entry into the Profession

 

Chapter-11 : Preprations and Uses of Caustics

 

Chapter-12 : Thermal Cauterization and Burns

 

Chapter-13 : The Application of Leeches

 

Chapter-14 : The Description of Blood

 

Chapter-15 : A Study of the Decrease or Increase of the Dosas, Dhatus and Malas

 

Chapter-16 : The Techniques of Ear Puncture and Plastic Surgery

 

Chapter-17 : The Unripe and Ripe Abscesses

 

Chapter-18 : Dressing of the Wounds by Pastes and Bandages

 

Chapter-19 : Care of the Wounded

 

Chapter-20 : The Salutary and Unsalutary (Diets and Regimen)

 

Chapter-21 : The Problem of (tridosas in) the Wounds

 

Chapter-22 : A Study of the Ulcers and thier Discharges

 

Chapter-23 : The Classification of Curable and Incurable (Lesions)

 

Chapter-24 : The Classification of Diseases

 

Chapter-25 : The Eight Surgical Procedures

 

Chapter-26 : A Study of the Foreign Bodies Lost Deeply (in the Tissues)

 

Chapter-27 : The Extraction of Foreign Bodies

 

Chapter28 : The Study of the Wound of a Good or Bad Prognosis

 

Chapter-29 : The Unfavourable and Favourable (Messengers and) Dreams

 

Chapter-30 : The Bad Omesn of the Five Senses

 

Chapter-31 : The Bad Omesn of Comlexions

 

Chapter-32 : The Bad Omesn of the Natural Constitution

 

Chapter-33 : The Untreatable (Diseases)

 

Chapter-34 : The Well Equipped Army

 

Chapter-35 : Fundamental of Traetment of the Patient

 

Chapter-36 : The Classification of Soils

 

Chapter-37 : The Miscellaneous Recipes

 

Chapter-38 : The Classification of Drugs

 

Chapter-39 : Elementation and Alleviation of Dosas

 

Chapter-40 : A Study of the Dravyas (Drugs) and their Rasas (tastes), Gunas (Properties), Viryas (Protencies) and Vipakas (Final Tastes after Digestion)

 

Chapter-41 : A Special Study of the Drugs

 

Chapter-42 : Special Study of tthe Rasas (Tastes)

 

Chapter-43 : A Study of the Different Preprations of the Emetic Drugs

 

Chapter-44 : A Study of the Different Preprations of Purgative Drugs

 

Chapter-45 : The Types of Liquid Substances and Their Properties

 

Chapter-46 : Dietetics

 

Nidana-Sthanam

 

Chapter-1 : The Diagnosis of Vatika Diseases

 

Chapter-2 : The Diagnosis of Piles

 

Chapter-3 : The Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi

 

Chapter-4 : The Diagnosis of Fistulae-in-ano

 

Chapter-5 : The Diagnosis of Skin Diseases (Including Leprosy)

 

Chapter-6 : Diagnosis of Urinary Abnormalities

 

Chapter-7 : The Diagnosis of Abdominal Enlargements

 

Chapter-8 : The Diagnosis of Abnormal Foetal Presentations

 

Chapter-9 : The Diagnosis of Abscesses

 

Chapter-10 : The Diagnosis of Spreading Cellulitis, Sinuses and Breast Diseases

 

Chapter-11 : The Diagnosis of Glandular Swellings, Cervical Lymphadenopathy, Tumours and Goitres

 

Chapter-12 : The Diagnosis of Scortal Swellings, Veneral Diseases and Elephantiasis

 

Chapter-13 : The Diagnosis of Minor Diseases

 

Chapter-14 : The Diagnosis of Sukadosa

 

Chapter-15 : The Diagnosis of Fractures and Dislications

 

Chapter-16 : The Diagnosis of Oral Diseases

 

Volume-2

 

Sarira-Sthanam

 

Chapter-1 : Consideration of Physical and Metaphysical Aspects of all Living Beings

 

Chapter-2 : Anatomical Consideration of the Normalcy of the Sperm and Ovum

 

Chapter-3 : Anatomical Considerations of Fertilisation and Development of the Foetus

 

Chapter-4 : The Details of Foetal Anatomy

 

Chapter-5 : Enumeration of the Anatomical Parts of the Body

 

Chapter-6 : The Anatomical Considerations of Individual Vulnerable Areas

 

Chapter-7 : The Anatomical Considerations of the Veins, Thier Divisions and Colour

 

Chapter-8 : The Techniques and Anatomical Considerations of Venepuncuture

 

Chapter-9 : The Anatomical Considerations of the Dhamanis

 

Chapter-10 : The Anatomical Considerations and Care of the Pregnant

 

CHIKITSA-STHANAM

 

Chapter-1 : Management of the Two types of Ulcerative Lesion (wounds and ulcers)

 

Chapter-2 : Managment of Recent Traumatic Wounds

 

Chapter-3 : The Management of Fracture and Dislocations

 

Chapter-4 : The Treatment of Vatika Diseases

 

Chapter-5 : The Management of Serious Vatika Diseases

 

Chapter-6 : The Management of Piles

 

Chapter-7 : The Management of the Urinary Calculi

 

Chapter-8 : The Management of Fistula-in-ano

 

Chapter-9 : The Management of the Skin Diseases including Leprosy

 

Chapter-10 : The Management of Serious Skin Diseases Indcluding serious types of Lrprosies

 

Chapter-11 : The Management of Urinary Abnormalities

 

Chapter-12 : The Management of the Boils Associated with the Urinary Abnormalities

 

Chapter-13 : The Management of Glycosuira

 

Chapter-14 : The Management of the Abdominal Enlargements

 

Chapter-15 : The Management of the Abnormal Foetal Presentations

 

Chapter-16 : The Management of Abscesses

 

Chapter-17 : The Management of Spreading Cellulitis, Sinuses and Breast Diseases

 

Chapter-18 : The Management of Glandular Sellings, Cervical Lymphadenoapathy, Tumours and Goitres

 

Chapter-19 : The Management of Inguino-scrotal Swellings, Venereal Diseases and Elephantiasis

 

Chapter-20 : The Management of Minor Diseases

 

Chapter-21 : The Management of Suka-Dosa

 

Chapter-22 : The Management of the Diseases of the Oral Cavity

 

Chapter-23 : The Management of the Oedemas

 

Chapter-24 : Prevention of Diseases

 

Chapter-25 : The Management of Miscellaneous Disorders

 

Chapter-26 : The Aphrodisiac Treatments for the (sexually) Weak

 

Chapter-27 : General Restorative Treatments for all Diseases

 

Chapter-28 : The Restorative Therapy for Promoting Intellectual Sharpness and Longevity

 

Chapter-29 : The Restorative Treatments for Prevention of Natural Diseases

 

Chapter-30 : Restorative Treatment to Remove the Distress

 

Chapter-31 : Oleation Therapy

 

Chapter-32 : Sudation Therapy

 

Chapter-33 : The Management of the Ailments Curable by the Emetic and the Purgative Therapies

 

Chapter-34 : The Management of the Complications of Emetic and Purgative Therapies

 

Chapter-35 : Specifications of the Enema Treatment and Nozzles

 

Chapter-36 : The Management of the Complications of the Enema Treatment caused by (an improperly used)Netra Basti

 

Chapter-37 : Therapeutics of the Oily Enemas and Urethral/Vaginal Irrigations

 

Chapter-38 : The Schdule of Decoction Enema Treatment

 

Chapter-39 : The Treatment of (undesirable)Side Effects in the Patients

 

Chapter-40 : Treatment by medicated Fumigations, Errhines and Gargles

 

KALPA-STHANAM

 

Chapter-1 : The Doctrine of Protection of Foods and Drinks

 

Chapter-2 : (The Doctrine of) the Science of Inanimate Poisons

 

Chapter-3 : The Doctrine of the Science of Animate Poisons

 

Chapter-4 : The Doctrine of the Science of Poisoning by Snake Bite

 

Chapter-5 : The Doctrine of the Management of Snake Bite Poisoning

 

Chapter-6< : The Doctrine of the Sounds of a Drum (of Antipoisonous Virtues)/center>

 

Chapter-7 : The Doctrine of (Poisoning by)Rats

 

Chapter-8 :

Volume-3

UTTARA-TANTRAM

Chapter-1 : The Complications

Chapter-2 : Study of the Dideases of the Junctional Areas

Chapter-3 : Study of the Diseases of the Eeyliids

Chapter-4 : Study of the Diseases of the White Part of the Eye

Chapter-5 : Study of the Diseases of the Cornea

Chapter-6 : Study of the Diseases Involving all

Chapter-7 : Study of the Diseases Affecting Vision

Chapter-8 : Study of the Diseases of Treatments (of Eye Diseases)

Chapter-9 : The Management of Vatabhisyanda

Chapter-10 : The Management of Pittabhisyanda

Chapter-11 : The Management of Kaphabhisyanda

Chapter-12 : The Management of Raktabhisyanda

Chapter-13 : The Management of the Diseases in which Scraping is Indicated

Chapter-14 : The Management of the Diseases in which Incision is Indicated

Chapter-15 : The Management of the Diseases in which Excision is Indicated

Chapter-16 : The Management of Paksmakopa (Entropion)

Chapter-17 : The Management of the Diseases Affecting Vision

Chapter-18 : The Therapeiutic External Applications (for the Eye)

Chapter-19 : The Management of Injuuries to the Eye

Chapter-20 : The Study of the Diseases of the Ear

Chapter-21 : The Management of the Ear Diseases

Chapter-22 : A Study of the Diseases of the Nose

Chapter-23 : The Management of the Diseases of the Nose

Chapter-24 : The Management of common Cold (Pratisyaya)

Chapter-25 : A Study of the Diseases of the Head

Chapter-26 : The Management of the Diseases of the Head

KUMARATANTRAM

Chapter-27 : Study of the Specific Features of the Nine Grahas

Chapter-28 : The Management of Affliction by Skanda Graba

Chapter-29 : The Management of Affliction by Skandapasmara

Chapter-30 : The Management of Affliction by Sakuni

Chapter-31 : The Management of Affliction by Revati

Chapter-32 : The Management of Affliction by Putna

Chapter-33 : The Management of Affliction by Andhaputana

Chapter-34 : The Management of Affliction by Sitaputana

Chapter-35 : The Management of Affliction by Mukhamandika (Graha)

Chapter-36 : The Management of Affliction by Naigamesa (Graha)

Chapter-37 : The Origin of (these nine) Grahas

Chapter-38 : The Management of Gyanaecological Disoders

Chapter-39 : The Management of Pyrexia

Chapter-40 : The Management of Diarrhoea

Chapter-41 : The Management of Consumption

Chapter-42 : The Management of Gulma

Chapte-43 : The Management of Heart Diseases

Chapter-44 : The Management of Anaemia (and Jaundice)

Chapter-45 : The Management of the Haemorrhagic Disorders

Chapter-46 : The Management of Fainting

Chapter-47 : The Management of Excessive Drinking

Chapter-48 : The Management of Thirst

Chapter-49 : The Management of Emesis

Chapter-50 : The Management of Hiccup

Chapter-51 : The Management of Dyspnoea

Chapter-52 : The Management of Cough

Chapter-53 : The Management of the Hoarseness of Voice

Chapter-54 : The Management of the Worm Infestations

Chapter-55 : The Management of Udavarta

Chapter-56 : The Management of Gastroenteritis

Chapter-57 : The Management of Anorexia

Chapter-58 : The Management of Mutraghata (Obstructive Uropathy)

Chapter-59 : The Management of Dysuria

Chapter-60 : The Management of the Afflictions (Seizures)caused by the Grahas(Superhuman Agencies)

Chapter-61 : The Management of Epilepsy

Chapter-62 : The Management of Psychoses

Chapter-63 : Compliation of the Different Tastes

Chapter-64 : Measures to Keep Healthy

Chapter-65 : The Maxims

Chapte-66 : Compliation of the Different Dosas

**Contents and Sample Pages**

Volume-3

 

UTTARA-TANTRAM

 

Chapter-1 : The Complications

 

Chapter-2 : Study of the Dideases of the Junctional Areas

 

Chapter-3 : Study of the Diseases of the Eeyliids

 

Chapter-4 : Study of the Diseases of the White Part of the Eye

 

Chapter-5 : Study of the Diseases of the Cornea

 

Chapter-6 : Study of the Diseases Involving all

 

Chapter-7 : Study of the Diseases Affecting Vision

 

Chapter-8 : Study of the Diseases of Treatments (of Eye Diseases)

 

Chapter-9 : The Management of Vatabhisyanda

 

Chapter-10 : The Management of Pittabhisyanda

 

Chapter-11 : The Management of Kaphabhisyanda

 

Chapter-12 : The Management of Raktabhisyanda

 

Chapter-13 : The Management of the Diseases in which Scraping is Indicated

 

Chapter-14 : The Management of the Diseases in which Incision is Indicated

 

Chapter-15 : The Management of the Diseases in which Excision is Indicated

 

Chapter-16 : The Management of Paksmakopa (Entropion)

 

Chapter-17 : The Management of the Diseases Affecting Vision

 

Chapter-18 : The Therapeiutic External Applications (for the Eye)

 

Chapter-19 : The Management of Injuuries to the Eye

 

Chapter-20 : The Study of the Diseases of the Ear

 

Chapter-21 : The Management of the Ear Diseases

 

Chapter-22 : A Study of the Diseases of the Nose

 

Chapter-23 : The Management of the Diseases of the Nose

 

Chapter-24 : The Management of common Cold (Pratisyaya)

 

Chapter-25 : A Study of the Diseases of the Head

 

Chapter-26 : The Management of the Diseases of the Head

 

KUMARATANTRAM

 

Chapter-27 : Study of the Specific Features of the Nine Grahas

 

Chapter-28 : The Management of Affliction by Skanda Graba

 

Chapter-29 : The Management of Affliction by Skandapasmara

 

Chapter-30 : The Management of Affliction by Sakuni

 

Chapter-31 : The Management of Affliction by Revati

 

Chapter-32 : The Management of Affliction by Putna

 

Chapter-33 : The Management of Affliction by Andhaputana

 

Chapter-34 : The Management of Affliction by Sitaputana

 

Chapter-35 : The Management of Affliction by Mukhamandika (Graha)

 

Chapter-36 : The Management of Affliction by Naigamesa (Graha)

 

Chapter-37 : The Origin of (these nine) Grahas

 

Chapter-38 : The Management of Gyanaecological Disoders

 

Chapter-39 : The Management of Pyrexia

 

Chapter-40 : The Management of Diarrhoea

 

Chapter-41 : The Management of Consumption

 

Chapter-42 : The Management of Gulma

 

Chapte-43 : The Management of Heart Diseases

 

Chapter-44 : The Management of Anaemia (and Jaundice)

 

Chapter-45 : The Management of the Haemorrhagic Disorders

 

Chapter-46 : The Management of Fainting

 

Chapter-47 : The Management of Excessive Drinking

 

Chapter-48 : The Management of Thirst

 

Chapter-49 : The Management of Emesis

 

Chapter-50 : The Management of Hiccup

 

Chapter-51 : The Management of Dyspnoea

 

Chapter-52 : The Management of Cough

 

Chapter-53 : The Management of the Hoarseness of Voice

 

Chapter-54 : The Management of the Worm Infestations

 

Chapter-55 : The Management of Udavarta

 

Chapter-56 : The Management of Gastroenteritis

 

Chapter-57 : The Management of Anorexia

 

Chapter-58 : The Management of Mutraghata (Obstructive Uropathy)

 

Chapter-59 : The Management of Dysuria

 

Chapter-60 : The Management of the Afflictions (Seizures)caused by the Grahas(Superhuman Agencies)

 

Chapter-61 : The Management of Epilepsy

 

Chapter-62 : The Management of Psychoses

 

Chapter-63 : Compliation of the Different Tastes

 

Chapter-64 : Measures to Keep Healthy

 

Chapter-65 : The Maxims

 

Chapte-66 : Compliation of the Different Dosas