The Foundations of Contemporary Yoga and Yoga Therapy

The book “Foundations of Contemporary Yoga and Yoga Therapy” written by the well known author Professor R.H. Singh, is a comprehensive write-up on the present status of Contemporary Yoga. The book precisely outlines the evolution of the Science of Yoga from antiquity to the modern world. The Foundation of Yoga are laid in three principal ancient texts of pre-Buddhist age namely the Early Upanisads, the Bhagwadgita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.

The Science and Art of Yoga as conceived in foundation texts appear to have been influenced to a notable extent down the ages by the teachings of Jainism, Buddhism and certain other religious philosophies, followed by the serious attempts of Shri Shankara to reiterate the Upanishadic thoughts through the teachings of Vedanta.

In contemporary times the discipline of Yoga adopted a global shape with scientific temper and trends of social applications. The Contemporary Indian thinkers like Swami Vivekananda, Shri Aurobindo, and Mahatma Gandhi developed Yoga as a social movement for the benefit of society at large.

The health promoting and therapeutical applications of Yoga practices are the most pertinent side benefits of this fast reviving ancient science which could of larger interest. And hence the present volume adds special chapters on Yoga Physiology & Yoga Therapy. The author of this book who is a teacher, physician and an activist in this field has succeeded in presenting an authentic write-up on Yoga in its totality. The book describes the ancient concepts and contemporary trends adequately illustrated with references from ancient scriptures and with scientific data on recent studies.

Born on January 10, 1942 Prof. Ram Harsh Singh graduated in Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery from prestigious Banaras Hindu University in 1961 with throughout top rank career. He did his Ph.D. and D. Litt under the supervision of Padmashri Prof. K.N. Udupa and was awarded Doctorate of Medicine Honotis Causa by Medicina Alternativa, Alma Ata in 1983. He was elected Fellow of National Academy of Indian Medicine, Jewel Member of All India Ayurveda Academy and was appointed National Professor by the Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India in recognition of his outstanding contributions in the field of Ayurvedic Medicine besides many other awards and prizes including Hari Om Ashram Award, IASTAM Award, Capt. Srinivas Murthy Medal and Vd. R.N. Sharma National Ayurvedic Research Award. He has been the member of National Commission on History of Science and Chairman on History of Science and Chairman Scientific Advisory Committee of CCRAS.

Prof. Singh joined the Faculty of Ayurveda at Banaras Hindu University in 1964 and served this institution for four decades as Professor-Head Kayacikitsa & Dean, Faculty of Ayurveda at B.H.U. Subsequently (2003-2006) he served as the Vice Chancellor of Rajasthan Ayurveda University. Presently he is Professor Emeritus and Senior Ayurvedic Physician at University Hospital, BHU. Prof. Singh has published over a dozen important books on Ayurveda and over 200 research papers. He has contributed chapters to the prestigious volumes on History of Medicine in India & History of Technology in India published by INSA. He has produced 100 MDs and 30 Ph. Ds under his guidance.

Back of the Book

The Holistic Principles of Ayurvedic Medicine
Prof. Ram Harsh Singh

The book Holistic Principles of Ayurvedic Medicine written by the well known author Professor Ram Harsh Singh is a complete and comprehensive treatise on the subject. This is the first book ion English which deals with the subject in al completeness and clarity covering all aspects of the fundamental principles of Ayurveda, its unique approaches and the details of clinical medicine, diagnostics and therapeutics of Ayurveda.

Separate chapters have been added on aetiopathology in Ayurveda, methods of Ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment including Pancakarma Therapy, Rasayana and Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, Ayurvedic Psychiatry, Ayurvedic Materia Medica, Biomedicine and Bio-energetics. Most valuable information is presented in the chapter on Ayurvedic treatment of chronic intractable diseases. In the end, the book is appended with a write-up on Recent Advances in Ayurvedic Medicine extracted from the synopsis of First National Conference on Kayacikitsa organized by the author, besides a comprehensive bibliography, a descriptive glossary of Ayurvedic technical terms and an exhaustive word index.

The author of the book being a senior Professor of Ayurvedic Medicine in the University system and being a reputed physician and researcher, this book has been richly benefited by his scholarship and professional experience, this book is a rare blend of conceptual authenticity, linguistic clarity and scientific temper.

In this book on Yoga, Professor Ram Harsh Singh is to be congratulated on a timely publication. It is increasingly recognized that Yoga, in its eight fold structure, has a vital role to play in fulfilling the needs of human life today. Never before has the need for Yoga been so great. Never before have so many people enjoyed wealth on such a scale. Our modern, post-industrial civilization is promising to eliminate poverty and bring universal affluence. Every decade brings technological innovations on an unimaginable scale. The promise of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology is to dwarf the revolution brought in the last twenty years by personal computers, the internet, mobile telephony and digital photography.

Yet men and women in advanced electronic societies do not look happy. In the west, when asked, people do not even expect to be happy. Recently I travelled on a public bus from Coimbatore on my way to consult at ISHA Yoga foundation. The villagers were chatting and laughing, light in their eyes. A group of three ladies were in ecstasy over a young baby, their enjoyment obvious for all to see. Would that public transport in developed western societies was filled with such happy faces. Instead, the cares of modern living, the stress of life, are writ large for all to see.

S What has happened to our brave new world of affluence and plenty for all, that it has ‘lost the plot’ so completely? Which media do not unceasingly report violence? What film is thought complete without scenes that degrade human dignity and sensitivity? The Founding Fathers of the United States of America recognised that the urge to happiness is the chief motivator of human life, as it is indeed of human consciousness itself. Yet the American dream has become an increasing nightmare, that will challenge the new President's fullest measures of both audacity and hope, if he is to rectify the present traumas, and restore to his people the sweet-dreams of their nation’s infancy.

In restoring humanity from this chamber of horrors, Yoga has a key role to play. America has long recognized its potential. Even before Swami Vivekananda’s visit to the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893, the nation had espoused Yoga philosophy. Harvard was famed for its Professor of Philosophy, RalphWaldo Emerson, teaching the Upanishads, and Transcendentalism. His student Henry David Thoreau lived as a recluse in the woods, making Walden Pond the place of pilgrimage that it is still today. Who else was mandatory reading for every American, apart from the Founding Fathers themselves? And Boston’s 20th century heirs have carried his message into different fields in similar revolutionary tones.

One of Massachussets’ most famous psychologists was Brandeis University's Abraham Maslow, a man well versed in eastern thought. Maslow's hierarchy of needs lays out the solution to humanity's present crisis in the most general terms. Other North American thinkers who have also made key contributions are Hans Selye in his Stress of Life, Alvin Toffler in Future Shock, and John Naisbitt in Megatrends. All are so well known that they need but little introduction. Their image of 20th century life has one significant conclusion: unless humanity establishes itself in a world that is more than the materialist economics of employment, commerce and trade, our future is bleak.

What, you may ask, does all this have to do with the eight limbs of Yoga? The answer, as we shall see, is that the practice and understanding of Yoga provides the simplest and most straight-forward solution to the problems these thinkers have identified. Let us consider this in more detail.

Over the past fifty to sixty years, the world has enjoyed an unprecedented pace of economic growth. Thanks to the realisation of John Forbes Nash, of ‘A Beautiful Mind’, that such growth involves win-win situations in which all participants benefit, the OECD nations were able to develop policies of economic cooperation, expand their economies at unprecedented pace, and defeat totalitarianism. Countries like Singapore, Malaysia and China followed. The latest success story is India.

India has been the unique land of in-depth human wisdom and insight since antiquity. The Vedas originating from India teach the real meaning of life on this earth and beyond, with splendid speculations on the purpose of life, its origin and end. The universe as we see is the creation of the power of cosmic consciousness, the Brahman. The Brahman is present in all elements of the creation, and thus it exists as a kind of united field of consciousness. The consciousness of each individual being is a continuum with the cosmic consciousness which may reflect a spectrum encompassing the most gross upto the most subtle. Because of prevailing worldly ignorance ordinarily we do not perceive the above mentioned continuum of the spectrum consciousness. Yoga is the science and art of such a Sadhana which resolves the prevailing ignorance and helps in promoting our awareness, self realisation and super consciousness.

The subtle goal of Yoga as mentioned above is its core goal, bur the comprehensive technology prescribed by the scriptures to persue the path of Yoga comprise of many such practices which if practiced with yukti may yeild many intermediary benefits which may be applied in promotion of health, prevention of diseases and also in treatment of certain disease states. Ordinarily there is no contradiction between these two aspects of the practices. The Contemporary Yoga essentially attempts to work for both these objectives. As a matter of fact these two dimensions of Yoga are likely to be complementary to each other. The present book aims to review the main features of Contemporary Yoga with equal emphasis on both the aspects focussing particularly Yoga therapy.

However, it is imperative to emphasise that the spiritual dimensions of Yoga and its application in expansion of consciousness and self realisation is primary and essential goal of Yoga; the health and medical applications of Yoga are only the side-benefits. These side-benefits can not be considered the primary goal.

A Yoga practitioner should begin with study of the scriptures on ideology and technology of the practice of Yoga and should practice the same with Abhyasa and Vairagya. Such a practice will bring about changes in his mind-body system from physical to mental, mental to social and social to spiritual proving Swasthya and Moksa a continuum.

The present revised edition (2nd edition) of the book is being presented to the prospective readers with added information on the central theme of this work. The author intends to emphasise two major aspects, firstly Yoga as the science of self awareness and super consciousness, and secondly Yoga for its side benefits in health care and therapy. The present edition has been strengthened with few newer chapters on Yoga Physiology and Yoga Therapy to make it useful for all those readers who may like to utilise Yoga as a health science both from promotive-preventive and curative points of view. It can not be over emphasied that the most prominent dimension of contemporary yoga in present times is Yoga for Health and Therapy.

The book is comprised of 10 Chapters namely - 1. General Introduction, 2. The Ancient of Classical Concepts of Yoga, 3. Yoga Down the Ages, 4. The Contemporary Yoga, 5. Biophilosophy of Yoga, 6. The Yoga Psychology, 7. The Yoga Physiology, 8. Physio-therapeupics of Yoga, 9. Psycho-therapeutics of Yoga, & 10. Recent Advances in Yoga for Health and Therapy.

It is hoped that this new revised edition of the book will receive the attention of readers from different fields both basic and applied.

The author acknowledges the leads received from several publications in the allied field particulars the works of Dr. David Frawley, David Coulter and his own published work. The author is specially thankful to the noted philosopher scientist Dr. Alex Hankey for writing a lucid foreword.